Hydraulic engine



5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.) l

J. GILL. HYDRAULIQBNGINE.

-Patented June 28, 1898.

Wifi-.1.

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A TTOHNE-H 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

J.GILL. HYDRAULIC ENGINE.

/NvEA/nyj l ATTORNEY W/TNESSES W I Zwam m: Norms uns co, mom-uma.wAsHmm'oN. n, c.

(No Mode.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3. J. GILL.

HYDRAULIC ENGINE. No. 606,33?. Patented Jun-e 28, 1898.

g W/TNESSES TH: Nanms Perzns co, Puoraurnm, WASHINGTON. u. c.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-' Sheet- 4.

J. GILL.

HYDRAULIC ENGINE.

` No.` 606,337. Patented June 28, 1898..

/NVENT I?.

ATTORNEY. ,v

' TH: Nonms Penas auy pHoro-uws, wAVsHxNaToN. 1c4

(No Model.)

No. 606,337. Patented' June 28,21898.

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ll-Nrrnn STATES 'PATENT @Enten JonN cna., on JERSEY c1TY, NEw JERSEY,ASSIGNOR on ONE-HALE To HARRY e. PEcKI-IAM, or SAME PLACE,

HYDRAULIC ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of vLetters Patent No. 606,337, dated June28, 1898. Application filed November Z6, 1897A. Serial No. 659,772. (Nomodel.)

T0 all wiz/0m t nza/y concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN GILL, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and State of NewJersey, have invented certain' new and useful Improvements in HydraulicEngines, of which the following is a specification.

The invention rela-tes tolimprovements in hydraulic engines; anditconsistsin the novel features and combinations of parts'hcreinafterdescribed, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

I illustrate in the accompanying drawings the best embodiment oftheinvention known to me, and this embodiment of the invention comprisesthree vertical cylinders having dis-` charge-ports at their lower end, awater-chest connected with all ofsaid cylinders and provided with theinlet-valves for water and the outlet-valves for air,vertically-rilevable pistons within said cylinders and connected bytheir rods with the cranks radiating from a shaft to be driveneccentrics upon said shaft adjacent to each ot' the cranks thereof,means intermediate said eccentrics and the aforesaid water and airvalves whereby the latter may be operated from said eccentrics, andmeans under the control of a governor for tripping the gear connectedwith the watervalves upon any undue speed being attained in the engine.1

The pistons within the cylinders are operated in one direction by thewater entering the cylinders from the water-chest and are moved in theother direction by the cranks on the shaft to be driven and with whichthey are connected. AThe pistons within the cylinders are so disposed bymeans of thecranks with which they are connected that no two of saidpistons have the samemovement at the same time, and thus when, say, themiddle one of said pistons is in its upper position another one of saidpistons will be in its lower position discharging the waterthrongh theoutlet-ports from its cylinder, and another one of the pistons will bestarting upward toward the upper end of its cylinder. The cylinders areconnected with suitable means for conveying away the water escapingthrough the discharge-ports of said cylinders.`

The invention will be fully understood from :a top view ofsame.

the detailed description hereinafter given, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a central verticallongitudinal section through an engine constructed in aeeordance withand embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of same. Fig. 3is Fig. 4 is an enlarged en'd View, partly in vertical transversesection, oi` a portion of same. Fig. 5 is an enlarged top view'ofaportion of saine, and Fig. o is a central vertical longitudinal sectionol same on the dotted li-ne G 6 of Fig. 5.

In the drawings, A designates the main supporting-frame; B, thewaterchest; C, the vertical cylinders communicating with and extendingdownward from said chest; D, the belt-wheel, and E the crank-shaftdriven by the piston-rods F, which extend upward from the three cranksG, formed in said shaft and are pivotally connected with the pistons lIwithin the said cylinders C.

The cylinders C are vertical and parallel with one another, and each isformed with the discharge-ports I for thewater, which enters thecylinders from the chest B and drives the pistons H downward. Eachcylinder C is provided around its lower portion with the waterreceptacle or jacket- J, and said jackets J, as more clearly shown inFig. 3, have connected with them the independent pipes K, which at'theirouter ends are connected by a pipe L, communicating with a generaldelivery-pipe M, whereby the discharge from all ofthecylinders C passesto said delivery-pipe M and thence escapes. The jackets J areindependent of oneganother, and hence the dis- 4charge fromany one ofthecylinders C cannotinterl'ere with the discharge-ports of any 'othercylinder C) The discharge-ports I of the cylinders C are of considerablearea, so as to permit a very ready ydischarge of the water above thepistons H as soon as said pistons descend to uncoversaid discharge-portsI. The pistons H are hollow and inthe-form of cylinders, wherebythe-sides oil-said pistons Hbecome of elongated form, adapting themtoftravel smoothly within the cylinders C'an'dto properlylcover anduncover the ports I. The Aupper ends of the piston-rods F are within thepistons II, as shown in Fig. l.. The

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cranks G in the shaft E are at equal distances from one another, and tothese cranks are pivotally connected the lower ends of the piston-rodsF.

The water-chest B is directly supported upon the side frames A, and ispreferably in one continuous piece and communicates with all of thecylinders C, the latter being open at their upper ends and secureddirectly to the lower side of the water-chest B. The inlet to the chestB is through the supply-pipe N, and the outlet from said chest B to thecylinders C is through the ports O, which are supplied with the valvesP, secured to the vertical rods Q and adapted to be automatically seatedby means of the springs R. The upper portion of the water-chest B isprovided with the sleeves S, which receive and guide the said rods Q andfurnish a stop for the upper ends of the springs R, whose lower endspress directly upon the valves P. Each of the ports C, loading from thevalve-chest B to the cylinders C, is provided with the valve P and rodQ. Each of the valve-rods Q is, as more clearl'yillustrated in Figs. 4and 6, provided with the inner valve-rod a, carryin g the smalldownwardly-openin g valve b, and also with the light spring cl, whichretains the valve b normally closed upward against its seat formed atthe lower central portion of the valve P. The valve b is an airvalve,and it will be automatically opened during the descent of the pistons Ilwhenever the water does not entirely fill the cylinders C above thepistons, and said valves b thereby prevent the creation of vacuumswithin the upper ends of the cylinders C. The upper ends of thecylinders C also communicate with the tubular openings T, which pass upward from said cylinders entirely through the water-chest B, as clearlyillustrated in Figs. l and 6. The upper ends of the tubular openings Tcontain the downwardly-openin g valves e, which are normally heldagainst their seats fby means of the small coiled spring g, encirclingthe rods h of said valves c. The valves e are by the means hereinafterdescribed positively moved downward into their open position at the timewhen the pistons H are traveling upward, and thereby the air containedin the cylinders C is permitted to escape upward through the openings Tand into the atmosphere.

The water-valves .P and air-valves c are positively operated bymechanism intermediate them and the crank-shaft E, and said mechanism isduplicated for each of the cylinders C and is illustrated on asomewhat-enlarged scale in Figs. 5 and G.

Upon each side of each crank G of the crankshaft E is an eccentric t',whose relation to the A crank G is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. The

eccentric i on the left-hand side of each crank G eifects the opening ofthe Water-valve P, and the eccentric c' at the right-hand end of eachcrank G effects the opening of the airvalve e. The eccentric 1I at theleft-hand side of each crank G is by means of an eccentricrod jconnected with the rear end of a leverarm 7s, whose front end is formedwith the sleeve m and is freely mounted upon the shaft n, extendinglengthwise of the engine over the water-chest B. As more clearlyillustrated in Fig. 5, the lever-arm K has formed upon it the sleeve 0,by which and by means of the screw p a pawl-arm q is pivotally securedto said lever-arm 7c. The pawl-arm q will move rearward when theleft-hand eccentric t' pulls downward on the rod j, and this movement ofthe pawl-arm q is made use of to elevate the water-valve P and occurswhen the piston I-I is at its upper position ready to be driven downwardby the water entering the cylinder C through the port O, opened by thesaid valve P. The front end of the pawl-arm q is hook-shaped, asillustrated in Fig. 4, and is adapted to engage a shoulder r on the disks and to draw said disk rearward, and thereby cause the front end of thearm t, connected with the hub of said disk s, t0 turn or move upward.The front end of the arm t is connected with the upper end of the stem Qof the valve P, and hence when the said arm t is moved upward it willelevate the valve-stem Q and the valve P and open the port O, therebypermitting the water within the chest P to enter the upper end of thecylinder C and effect the downward movement of the piston within saidcylinder. The disk s is, as shown in Fig. 5, mounted upon the shaft n,above the water-chest B. The lever-arm 7o has a rocking motion andcarries the pawl-arm q, and hence the motion of the pawl-arm q isgenerated wholly bythe eccentric-rodj. When the eccentric-rod j is byits eccentric pulled downward, the pawlarm q will move rearward againstthe shoulder r on the disk s and turn said disk rearward, and therebyelevate the arm tand valve P, connected with said arm t. When the ec-IOO centric-rodj ascends, the pawl-arm q will be moved frontward fromthe shoulder r on the disk s, and at such time the spring R, surroundingthe valve-stem Q, will close the valve P and restore the arm t and disks to their normal position. The disk s and arm t are integral with oneanother, and hence the rearward rotation of the disk s will lift thearmi and the downward movement of the arm t, due to the action of thespring r, will turn the disk s frontward to its normal position. Eachwater-valve P is operated by eX- actly the means above described, andillustrated on an enlarged scale in Fig. 5, and hence it will beunnecessary to repeat this descriptionof the parts as applied to each ofthe valves P.

The air-valves c are operated from the crank-shaft E by mechanismintermediate them and the eccentrics 1.', located at the right-l handside of the cranks G, and one set of this mechanism is illustrated onal1-enlarged scale in Fig. 5 and is duplicated for each air-valve e. Theeccentric at the right-hand side of 606,337 Y v p e each crank G is bymeans of the eccentricrod A connected with a lever-arm B', which is hungfrom the shaft n and is formed with the sleeve C', by means of which andthe bolt D is pivotally secured the pawl-arm E', whose front end isadapted to engage a shoulder F', lformed on the hub Gr', which carriesthe arm Il', connected with the stem h of the air-valve e. Thewatervalve P is opened when the piston in the cylinder is at its upperposition ready to descend and is opened by the rearward pull of thepawl-arm q. The air-valve c is opened when the piston in the cylinder isat its lower position and is starting to ascend, and hence the pawl-armE' for operating the air-valve e comes into action when the pawlarm qfor the water-valve is at rest. The pawl-arm E operates to open thevalve c when it (said pawl-arm) is moving frontward, and the pawl-arm qoperates to open the watervalve P when it (said pawl-arm) is movingrearward. The forward mot-ion of the pawlarm E causes its front end toengage the shoulder F' and to turn the hub G'andlevcrarm Il' forward anddownward, thereby causing the air-valve e to descend from its seat andpermit a ready escape of the air from the cylinder during the upwardmotion of the piston in said cylinder. During the forward motion of thepawl-arm E the spring g upon the valve-stem h will be compressed, anddury ing the rearward motion of the paWl-arm E',

due to the motion of its eccentric-rod A', the spring g will elevate thelever-arm I-l' and restore the valve e to its closed position and thehub G' and projection F' to their normal position to be acted upon againby the pawl arm E during the next ascentof the piston within thecylinder. The mechanism for operating the air-valve e is duplicated foreach of said valves.

There are three of the cylinders C, each having the discharge-ports Iand pistou H, and the valve-chest B for each of said cylinders C isfurnished with the water-valve P and its connections and the air-valve cand its connections, and all of the air-Valves e and all of thewater-valves P are operated by the eccentrics upon the crank-shaft E,the position of the eccentrics being varied to secure the proper timingnecessaryin the'movements of the -valves P and e. Each of the valvesPis, as above described, provided with the air-valve b. The valves b arenot operated by means connected with the crank-'shaft E, but simply inone direction by the pressure' created by the downwardly-moving piston Hand in the other direction by the force of the spring d, the lattercoming into operation af-` ter the force created bythe downwardly-movingpiston H has ceased to exist. The valve P is opened to admit the waterto the cylinder C and then closed to cut off the water therefrom. Thevalve c is opened during the ascent of the pist'on'H within the cylinderC to permit of the escape of the air from the cylinder under the actionof the then upwardly-movingpiston H, and the air-valveh is opened by thethen downwardly-descending piston l-I simply to prevent the formation ofany vacuum in the upper end of the cylinder C due, for instance, to thevalve P closing before the piston H shall have reached thedischarge-ports I.

The shaft a serves to support the front ends of the lever-arms j and B'and the rear ends of the lever-arms if and H', as above explained, andsaid shaft n is also important in -that it forms a part of the mechanismby which, upon the crankshaft E attaining undue speed, the ValvesP maybe closed to cutoff the water from the cylinders C, and thus restore the1notion of the shaft E to its normal speed. The shaft n is connected byan arm I' with the sleeve J', connected with the governor K' and adaptedto slide vertically upon the rod L. The rod L' is mounted in suitablebearings, as illustrated in Fig. 4i, and its lower end is provided withthe bevel gear-wheel M',Which is in mesh with the bevel gear-wheel N',secured upon the shaft O', having upon its outer end the belt-wheel P',as shown more clearly in Figs. l and 4. The belt-wheel P' on the outerend of the shaft O' is connected by a belt Q' with the belt-wheel R',secured toone end of the crank-shaft E. rlhemotion of the crankshaft Ethus through the belt-wheel R', the belt Q, belt-wheel P', shaft O', andbeveled gear-wheels N' M' is communicated to the vert-ical "rod or shaftL', carrying the governor. Upon the shaft E attaining an undue speed itsmotion will be communicated through the intermediate gearing justdescribed to the vertical rod or shaft L', carry.

ing the governor K', andupon this taking place the sleeve J' will, in awell-known manner, be caused to ascend and in ascending will pull upward'upon the rear end of the lever-l IIO permitting the springs R to closesaid valves t P, whereby the water will be cut off from the cylinders Sand the speed of the crank-shaft .E will be brought to its normalcondition.

Upon the crank-shaft E being restored to its normal speed the sleeve J'on the vertical rod or shaft L will move downward and through thelever-arm I' turn the rock-shaft n upward and rearward to its normalposition, and thereby the pawl-arms q will be enabled to perform theirusual functions.A When the pawls E' have moved forward and held theair-valves c open a suficient length of time, the laterally-extendingportion of the front ends of said pawls E' ride over and are elel Vatedby the arms 00, and upon this taking place the valves e automaticallyclose, the pistons then being in their upper position.

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

l. A hydraulic engine comprising the series of cylinders having the freedischarge-ports at their lower end and the inlet and outlet openings forwater and air respectively at their upper end, combined with thecrankshaft, the pistons within said cylinders, the piston-rodsconnecting the cranks of said shaft with said pistons, Valves for saidinlet and outlet openings, means for operating said valves, cut-offmechanism 'for said inletvalves, and the water-chest communicating .withsaid cylindersand also with a source of Water-supply; substantially asset forth.

2. A hydraulic engine comprising the Water` chest communicating with asource of watersupply, and the three cylinders connected at their upperend with said water-chest and at their lower end having the freedischargeports for water, combined with the crankshaft, the pistonswithin said cylinders, the piston-rods connecting the three cranks ofsaid shaft with said pistons, inlet-valves controlling the inlet-portsfor water from said water-chest to said cylinders, means for permittingthe escape of the air from said cylinders during the ascent of saidpistons, cutoff mechanism for said valves, and means for opening andclosing said valves; substantially as set forth.

3. A hydraulic engine comprising the waterchest communicating with asource of watersupply, and the three cylinders connectedat their upperend with said water-chest and at their lower end having the freedischargeports for Water, combined with the crankshaft, the pistonswithin said cylinders, the piston -rods connecting the three cranks ofsaid shaft with said pistons, inlet-valves controlling` the inlet-portsfor water from said water-chest to said cylinders, the inlets adapted toadmit air to said cylinders during the descent of the pistons, means'for permitting the escape of the air from said cylinders during theascent of said pistons, and means for operatin g said valves;substantially as set forth.

4. A hydraulic engine comprising the waterchest communicating with asource of watersupply, and the three cylinders connected at their upperend with said water-chest and at their lower end having the freedischargeports for Water, combined with the crankshaft, the pistonswithin said cylinders, the piston-rods connecting the three cranks ofsaid shaft with said pistons, inlet-valves controlling the inlet-portsfor water from said water-chest to said cylinders, the tubular openingsextending from the upper ends of said cylinders up through saidwater-chest to the atmosphere, valves controlling said tubular openingsand adapted to open during the ascent of said pistons, and means foroperating said inlet and outlet valves; substantially as set forth.

5. A hydraulic engine comprising the series of cylinders having the freedischarge-ports at their lower end and the inlet-opening for water attheir upper end, combined with the crank-shaft, the pistons within saidcylinders, the piston-rods connecting the cranks of said shaft with saidpistons, the valves for said inlet-openings, the water-chestcommunicating with a source of Water-supply and connected with saidcylinders, the rock-shaft extending above and lengthwise of saidwater-chest, the governor connected with said crank-shaft and saidrock-shaft, the eccentrics on said crank-shaft, the eccentric-rodsconnected therewith, the lever-arms connected with said-rods and hungfrom said rockshaft, the pawl-arms carried by said leverarms, theprojections on said rock-shaft below said pawl-arms for tripping thelatter,

' and the lever-arms connected with the stems of said valves and adaptedto be operated by said pawl-arms; substantially as set forth.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 24th day

